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The Geological Society of London is the UK's national society for geoscience, providing support to over 12, members in the UK and overseas. Hence, a "raised" beach is formed. Factors that affect the formation of raised beaches are determined by tectonic activity and. Movement in the Earth's crust, particularly tectonic uplifts, can result in some raised beaches having defined terracing.
These movements often vary between glacial and interglacial periods. Changes in sea level being a gradual transition can result in a raised beach not having overt signs of terracing. Glacial activity plays another factor in the formation of raised beaches. As glaciers melted, the land recovers from the weight of the ice. This process is known as isostatic rebound. The land begins to rise. Depending on what the former range of the tides are, the platform of a raised beach varies.
Beaches are typically divided into 4 zones known as the beach profile : swash, beach face, wrack line, and berm. The particles found within each of these zones are different. For example, finer sediment is found closer to the water.
This is partially because the moving water constantly breaks down the particles located here. As the beach moves further inland, the particles along its surface grow in size. Along the outermost edge of the beach are typically large rocks that have been washed up during storms.
Generally speaking, beaches and shorelines cover a narrow area of land and tend to slope downward toward the waterline. Rocks or coral reefs located off the shore are worn down by moving waves. As these materials are worn down, they become small particles of sediment that are carried by the waves in a state of suspension.
In the case of sediment from further inland, the particles are washed to the larger body of water, where they are swept up by the waves and into the same state of suspension. These suspended particles cause the moving water to have increased erosive ability, resulting in greater amounts of eroded particles in the water.
In some cases, fish and other marine animals contribute to the speed of erosion. This is particularly true in beaches that are located near coral reefs. Many of these animals rely on algae growing on the coral as a major dietary supplement. As they eat away the algae, they inadvertently cause the coral to break off into small pieces.
Some pieces may even work their way through the digestive tracts of these animals, resulting in even smaller particles that are washed up into the waves. Erosion is typically thought to decrease the size of certain landforms, however, this is not always the case.
In fact, erosion actually works to increase the size and width of some beaches. This growth occurs as the waves deposit the aforementioned sediment onto the land. Additionally, beaches may experience growth in size near river deltas, where rivers carry eroded sediment to the ocean. This sediment is deposited along the beach before being carried off into the ocean. The type of wave that reaches the coastline also plays a part in the formation of beaches.
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